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Protecting traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine: concepts and proposals

Changhua Liu, Man Gu

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0142-x

Abstract: With the development of the knowledge economy, knowledge has become one of the most important resources for social progress and economic development. Some countries have proposed measures for the protection of their own traditional knowledge. Traditional Chinese medicine belongs to the category of intangible cultural heritage because it is an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. Today the value of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine has been widely recognized by the domestic and international public. This paper discusses the definition of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine and its protection, and evaluates research on its classification. We review the present status of the protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine and tentatively put forward some possible ideas and methods for the protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine. Our goal is to find a way to strengthen the vitality of traditional Chinese medicine and consolidate its foundation. We believe that if we could establish a suitable ( is a Latin term meaning “of its own kind” and is often used in discussions about protecting the rights of indigenous peoples. Here we use it to emphasize the fact that protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine cannot be achieved through existing legal means of protection alone due to its unique characteristics) system for traditional knowledge, a more favorable environment for the preservation and development of traditional Chinese medicine will ultimately be created.

Keywords： protection of traditional knowledge     traditional Chinese medicine     intellectual property     sui generis    

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Branch-pipe-routing approach for ships using improved genetic algorithm

Haiteng SUI,Wentie NIU

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016, Volume 11, Issue 3,   Pages 316-323 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0384-z

Abstract:

Branch-pipe routing plays fundamental and critical roles in ship-pipe design. The branch-pipe-routing problem is a complex combinatorial optimization problem and is thus difficult to solve when depending only on human experts. A modified genetic-algorithm-based approach is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. The simplified layout space is first divided into three-dimensional (3D) grids to build its mathematical model. Branch pipes in layout space are regarded as a combination of several two-point pipes, and the pipe route between two connection points is generated using an improved maze algorithm. The coding of branch pipes is then defined, and the genetic operators are devised, especially the complete crossover strategy that greatly accelerates the convergence speed. Finally, simulation tests demonstrate the performance of proposed method.

Keywords： branch pipe     ship industry     piping system     optimization algorithm    

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The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases

Jiansen Du, Lin Fu, Yingli Sui, Lingqiang Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5,   Pages 542-563 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0734-4

Abstract: Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, immune responses, and apoptosis. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins and depolymerize polyubiquitin chains. Recently, much progress has been made in the DUBs. In humans, the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) subfamily of DUBs includes 16 members, most of which mediate cell signaling cascades. These OTUs show great variation in structure and function, which display a series of mechanistic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of current progress in character, structure and function of OTUs, such as the substrate specificity and catalytic activity regulation. Then we discuss the relationship between some diseases and OTUs. Finally, we summarize the structure of viral OTUs and their function in immune escape and viral survival. Despite the challenges, OTUs might provide new therapeutic targets, due to their involvement in key regulatory processes.

Keywords： ubiquitin     OTU deubiquitinases     structure     function     regulation    

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Ecotoxicity assessment of soil irrigated with domestic wastewater using different extractions

Wenyan LIANG,Lili SUI,Yuan ZHAO,Feizhen LI,Lijun LIU,Di XIE

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 685-693 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0752-z

Abstract: The toxicity of soil irrigated with treated domestic wastewater (site A) and untreated gray wastewater (site B) were investigated. Soil extracts were prepared using distilled water, acid solvent (0.1 mol·L HCl), and organic solvent (acetone:petroleum ether:cyclohexane= 1:1:1) to understand the type of pollutants responsible for the ecotoxicity associated with wastewater irrigation. The soil toxicity was assessed using a luminescence inhibition assay with for acute toxicity, a micronucleus assay with root tips and a single cell gel electrophoresis assay of mice lymphocytes for genotoxicity. The physicochemical properties and the heavy metal (HM) contents of the irrigated soil were also analyzed. The results indicated that the wastewater irrigation at site A had no effects on the soil properties. With the exception of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn, the accumulation of HMs (Cu, Ni, and Cr) occurred. However, the irrigation at site A did not result in obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity in the soil. The soil properties changed greatly, and HMs (Cu, Ni, and Cr) accumulated in site B. There were significant increases in the acute toxic and genotoxic effects in the soils from site B. The ecotoxicity in site B came primarily from organic-extractable pollutants.

Keywords： ecotoxicology     domestic wastewater     soil irrigation     risk assessment     organic extraction    

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Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 74-79 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0016-1

Abstract: The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins production.
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Transient emission simulation and optimization of turbocharged diesel engine

Lingge SUI, Zhongchang LIU, Yongqiang HAN, Jing TIAN

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 237-244 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0251-0

Abstract: In order to alleviate the pressure of experimental research of turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations, a whole process simulation platform for turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations was established based on the multi-software coupling technologies of Matlab/Simulink, GT-Power, STAR-CD and artificial neural network. Aimed at the contradiction of NO and soot emission control with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations, on this simulation platform, a transient EGR valve control strategy was proposed, which adjusted the EGR valve in adjacent level based on the feedback of its opening according soot control limit under transient operations. Simulation and experimental results prove that the transient emission optimization effect of this control strategy is obvious. On the one hand, compared with the previous control strategy, which closed the EGR valve during the whole transient operations, soot emission is slightly increased by 9.5%, but it is still 9% lower than the control limit. On the other hand, compared with the previous control strategy, NO transient emission is reduced by 44%.

Keywords： diesel engine     transient simulation     emission     control strategy     exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)    

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Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

YU Gang, ZHANG Qing, HUANG Jun, CAI Zhenxiao, SUI Qian

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 13-17 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0002-8

Abstract: As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan (NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan what are the key sources for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP? This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information system (GIS) tool has revealed that eastern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China.

Keywords： GIS     difference     capacity     scenario     implementation    

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Review on research and application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment

Minghao SUI, Lei SHE

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 6,   Pages 795-802 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0521-4

Abstract: This paper reviews the application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment on basis of the catalysis and adsorption. Mesoporous transitional metal oxides are characterized by their intrinsic features, such as a high surface area, a highly ordered array of unidimensional pores with a very narrow pore size distribution, and highly dispersed active sites. Finally, the suggestions of further study on application are proposed.

Keywords： mesoporous materials     transitional metal oxides     catalysis     adsorption     water treatment    

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Structure optimization for magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder

Bingfeng JIAO, Desheng LI, Yunkang SUI, Lezhi YE

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 442-445 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0112-z

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to perform a magnetic analysis on the magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder (PMR) and optimize the structure of magnetic equipment with the commercial FEM software ANSYS and its design optimization module. The FEM model is built as an axisymmetric model according to the characteristics of the structure of magnetic equipment. Using this model, the magnetic field distribution and magnetic force are calculated by ANSYS. The mathematical model of structure optimization is also built. The design variables are structural parameters including the dimensions of permanent magnets and magnetic yoke, and the objective function is the magnetic force. The unconstrained optimization model takes the maximum value of magnetic force as the objective. A first-order optimization method is used to determine the optimum design of this problem. The optimization process works entirely with the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The design tools are used to understand design space and the behavior of the dependent variables. It is shown that designing a structure with the ANSYS optimization module and its design tools is an effective means to improve the structure.

Keywords： optimization     ANSYS     permanent magnet retarder     numerical simulation    

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Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

Yongxiang REN, Kai WEI, Hua LIU, Guoqiang SUI, Junping WANG, Yanjun SUN, Xiaohui ZHENG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 166-172 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2

Abstract: Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.

Keywords： polycyclic musk     sewage     tonalide (AHTN)     galaxolide (HHCB)     removal efficiency     adsorption    

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Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress approach

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 130-142 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0011-3

Abstract: There are three difficulties in topology optimization of continuum structures. 1) The topology under multiple load case is more difficult to be optimized than under single load case, because the former becomes a multiple objective based on compliance objective functions. 2) With local constraints, such as an elemental stress limit, the topology is more difficult to be solved than with global constraints, such as the displacement or frequency limits, because the sensitivity analysis of the former has very expensive computation. 3) With the phenomenon of load illness, which is similar with stiffness illness in the structural analysis, it is not easy to get the reasonable final topological structure, because it is difficult to consider different influences between the loads with small forces and big forces, and some topology paths of transferring small forces may disappear during the iteration process. To overcome difficulties above, four measures are adopted. 1) Topology optimization model is established by independent continuous mapping (ICM) method. 2) Based on the von Mises strength theory, all elements’ stress constraints are transformed into a structural energy constraint. 3) The phenomenon of load illness is divided to classify into three cases. 4) A strategy based on strain energy is proposed to adopt ICM method with stress globalization, and the problems of the above mentioned three cases of load illness are solved in terms of different complementary approaches. Several numerical examples show that the topology path of transferring forces can be obtained more easily by substituting global strain energy constraints for local stresses constraints, and the problem of load illness can be solved well by the weighting method that takes the structural energy as a weighting coefficient.

Keywords： independent continuous mapping (ICM) method     global stresses constraints     topology optimization     continuum structure     load illness    

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Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

Huan HE,Qian SUI,Shuguang LU,Wentao ZHAO,Zhaofu QIU,Gang YU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 962-969 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0772-3

Abstract: The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.

Keywords： ozonation     bezafibrate     acute toxicity     humic acid     bovine serum albumin     sodium alginate    

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Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide in the presence of formic acid

Wenchao Jiang, Ping Tang, Zhen Liu, Huan He, Qian Sui, Shuguang Lyu

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1197-1

Abstract: Complete CT degradation was achieved by employing HA to CP/Fe(II)/FA process. Quantitative detection of Fe(II) regeneration and HO• production was investigated. Benzoic acid outcompeted FA for the reaction with HO•. CO2•− was the dominant reductive radical for CT removal. Effects of solution matrix on CT removal were conducted. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) show low reactivity with perchlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride (CT), in conventional Fenton reactions, therefore, the generation of reductive radicals has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the enhancement of CT degradation by the synergistic effects of hydroxylamine (HA) and formic acid (FA) (initial [CT] = 0.13 mmol/L) in a Fe(II) activated calcium peroxide (CP) Fenton process. CT degradation increased from 56.6% to 99.9% with the addition of 0.78 mmol/L HA to the CP/Fe(II)/FA/CT process in a molar ratio of 12/6/12/1. The results also showed that the presence of HA enhanced the regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III), and the production of HO• increased one-fold when employing benzoic acid as the HO• probe. Additionally, FA slightly improves the production of HO•. A study of the mechanism confirmed that the carbon dioxide radical (CO2•−), a strong reductant generated by the reaction between FA and HO•, was the dominant radical responsible for CT degradation. Almost complete CT dechlorination was achieved in the process. The presence of humic acid and chloride ion slightly decreased CT removal, while high doses of bicarbonate and high pH inhibited CT degradation. This study helps us to better understand the synergistic roles of FA and HA for HO• and CO2•− generation and the removal of perchlorinated hydrocarbons in modified Fenton systems.

Keywords： Calcium peroxide     Hydroxylamine     Modified Fenton     Reactive oxygen species     Perchlorinated hydrocarbon    

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The influence of slope collapse on water exchange between a pit lake and a heterogeneous aquifer

Bo Zhang, Xilai Zheng, Tianyuan Zheng, Jia Xin, Shuai Sui, Di Zhang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1104-9

Abstract:

Slope collapse will reduce the water exchange.

Slope collapse will affect the spatial distribution of the water exchange.

Precipitation have the most impact on the dynamics of the water exchange.

Keywords： Pit lake     Slope collapse     Groundwater–surface water interactions     Numerical simulation    

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Corrigendum to ‘‘Structural and Kinetics Understanding of Support Effects in Pd-Catalyzed Semi-Hydrogenation of Acetylene” [Engineering 7 (2021) 103–110] Corrigendum

Yueqiang Cao, Xiaohu Ge, Yurou Li, Rui Si, Zhijun Sui, Jinghong Zhou, Xuezhi Duan, Xinggui Zhou

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 701-701 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.001

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Protecting traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine: concepts and proposals

Changhua Liu, Man Gu

Journal Article

Branch-pipe-routing approach for ships using improved genetic algorithm

Haiteng SUI,Wentie NIU

Journal Article

The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases

Jiansen Du, Lin Fu, Yingli Sui, Lingqiang Zhang

Journal Article

Ecotoxicity assessment of soil irrigated with domestic wastewater using different extractions

Wenyan LIANG,Lili SUI,Yuan ZHAO,Feizhen LI,Lijun LIU,Di XIE

Journal Article

Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

Journal Article

Transient emission simulation and optimization of turbocharged diesel engine

Lingge SUI, Zhongchang LIU, Yongqiang HAN, Jing TIAN

Journal Article

Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

YU Gang, ZHANG Qing, HUANG Jun, CAI Zhenxiao, SUI Qian

Journal Article

Review on research and application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment

Minghao SUI, Lei SHE

Journal Article

Structure optimization for magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder

Bingfeng JIAO, Desheng LI, Yunkang SUI, Lezhi YE

Journal Article

Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

Yongxiang REN, Kai WEI, Hua LIU, Guoqiang SUI, Junping WANG, Yanjun SUN, Xiaohui ZHENG

Journal Article

Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress approach

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

Journal Article

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

Huan HE,Qian SUI,Shuguang LU,Wentao ZHAO,Zhaofu QIU,Gang YU

Journal Article

Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide in the presence of formic acid

Wenchao Jiang, Ping Tang, Zhen Liu, Huan He, Qian Sui, Shuguang Lyu

Journal Article

The influence of slope collapse on water exchange between a pit lake and a heterogeneous aquifer

Bo Zhang, Xilai Zheng, Tianyuan Zheng, Jia Xin, Shuai Sui, Di Zhang

Journal Article

Corrigendum to ‘‘Structural and Kinetics Understanding of Support Effects in Pd-Catalyzed Semi-Hydrogenation of Acetylene” [Engineering 7 (2021) 103–110]

Yueqiang Cao, Xiaohu Ge, Yurou Li, Rui Si, Zhijun Sui, Jinghong Zhou, Xuezhi Duan, Xinggui Zhou

Journal Article